# kWh100 open data

Electric-vehicle energy use and home-charging cost in the United States,
computed from two federal sources and published under CC BY 4.0.

Updated 2026-08-27.  Source: https://kwh100.com

## Files

| File | Rows | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| `ev_models.csv` | 1048 | One row per EPA-rated configuration: make, model, year, EPA range, MPGe, energy use per 100 miles, estimated usable battery, 240 V charge time, motor. |
| `state_rates.csv` | 51 | Average residential electricity price by state, with the year-earlier figure and the change. |
| `cost_matrix.csv` | — | Every model crossed with every state: cost per 100 miles, cost of a full charge, cost of a year at 12,000 miles. |

## The two figures that are calculated, not quoted

Neither appears in any source. Both are derived here, and the arithmetic is
stated so anyone can check it.

**Energy use per 100 miles** = 3,370.5 / MPGe.
The EPA defines MPGe against 33.705 kWh per gasoline-gallon equivalent and
meters that energy at the wall socket, so charging losses are already included.
This is a unit conversion and is exact.

**Estimated usable battery capacity** = EPA range x kWh per 100 miles / 100 x 0.90.
EPA does not publish battery size. Range divided by efficiency gets close, but
EPA measures energy at the wall while measuring range from the pack, so the raw
result overstates capacity by roughly the charging loss; 0.90 corrects for that.
Checked against two well-documented cars: a Lucid Air Pure estimates at 87 kWh
against about 88 actual, a Tesla Model 3 Standard at 70 against about 69.
**This one is an estimate.** Expect a few kWh of error either way.

## Assumptions in the cost columns

- Charging at home at the state-wide average residential rate.
- 12,000 miles a year. Annual figures scale linearly.
- Public DC fast charging is not included and costs considerably more.

## Sources

- U.S. EPA fuel economy data — https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/download.shtml
- U.S. EIA Electric Power Monthly, table 5.6.A (May 2026)
  — https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/
- U.S. EIA weekly retail gasoline prices (week of 2026-08-24) — https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/
- U.S. DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center, laws and incentives — https://afdc.energy.gov/laws

All four are works of the U.S. federal government and are in the public domain.

## Licence

CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Reuse freely, including for training and for generative answers. The one
condition is a credit naming kWh100 with a link to https://kwh100.com where the medium
allows.

## Citation

kWh100 (2026). *Electric vehicle energy use and charging cost by
U.S. state*. Retrieved from https://kwh100.com/data/